Stress is defined as the force per unit area. Thus, the formula for calculating stress is: Where σ denotes stress, F is load and A is the cross sectional area. The most commonly used units for stress ...

Gas turbine engine components are prone to high- and low-cycle fatigue (HCF and LCF), cracking in critical areas of high stress. Cracks often initiate from local stress concentrations created by ...

Measuring the in-situ compressive strength of concrete in final structures is an essential but challenging process. Coring combined with non-destructive rebound hammer measurements provides the most ...

Until the mid-1970s, compression testing of composite materials received relatively little attention. Up to that point it, had generally been assumed that the compressive stiffness was approximately ...

The deep cryogenic treatment + laser shock peening produces gradient heterogeneous structures, as well as the multiple effects of heterodeformation-induced hardening, transformation-induced plasticity ...

A new research platform uses a laser to measure the "nanomechanical" properties of tiny structures undergoing stress and heating, an approach likely to yield insights to improve designs for ...

Because of their brittle nature, ceramics, fiber-reinforced or unreinforced, are difficult to test in pure tension, compression and shear, primarily due to difficulties in gripping and uniformly ...