Liquid-liquid extraction columns are pivotal in a range of industrial applications, from nuclear fuel reprocessing to hydrometallurgy and environmental remediation. These systems operate by contacting ...

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) remains a cornerstone of separation technology, with column dynamics and mass transfer playing pivotal roles in optimising performance. A comprehensive understanding of ...

Chromatography is an analytical technique that is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures. Chromatography works by distributing the components of a mixture between two phases, known as the ...

“Because droplet trajectories and deposition patterns cannot be modeled simultaneously with the liquid-film motion, physical-flow models cannot be used to accurately determine the collection ...