Various theories exist regarding the mechanisms of stiff shoulder (SS). Potential etiological factors are adhesive capsulitis, [1] decreased capsular volume, [2,3] capsular contractions, [4] rotator ...
1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ...
Posterior shoulder dislocation occurs when the top of the upper arm bone, known as the humerus, moves backward out of its socket. This causes pain, muscle spasms, and a limited range of motion. The ...