We’ve known for some time that our expectations can profoundly influence the experience of our world, even our physiology. 1 This, after all, is what the placebo effect is all about. But we hadn’t ...

In this post, the last of a five-part series, we will acquire an understanding of various theories that emphasize the importance of top-down signaling in shaping and enabling conscious perception.

If you read popular science books about the brain, you might have encountered a new “grand theory” called predictive processing. If you haven’t yet, you will. Over the last two decades, it has gone ...