Translation — the process of decoding the information in messenger RNA and forming continuous chains of amino acids to form proteins — is carried out by ribosomes. The recent crystal structures of ...

Gain-of-function research (GOFR) refers to the serial passaging of microorganisms to increase their transmissibility, virulence, immunogenicity, and host tropism by applying selective pressure to a ...

A business is the composite of its organizational structure, functional design and process workflow. You can think of the three as the legs of a stool. If the legs of a stool are not in perfect ...

A decade ago, scientists funded by the National Institutes of Health used ferrets to engineer a highly lethal flu virus. The purpose of the research — known as “gain of function” — was to better ...

The function of carbohydrates is to provide people with energy. There are different types of carbohydrates, including simple, complex, and refined carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can form part of a ...