Corrosion of steel is not complicated and is theoretically predictable at the electrochemical level if the steel and the environment in which the steel is placed are understood. However, at any scale ...

Every year, the United States spends nearly a trillion dollars fighting metallic corrosion, an electrochemical reaction that occurs when metals oxidize and begin to rust. Every year, the United States ...

While traditional methods like painting and hot-dip galvanization have been widely adopted, the persistent pursuit of innovation has driven the development of advanced surface treatment technologies.

Steel is a ubiquitous and important component of the nation’s infrastructure, especially infrastructure that is partially or fully constructed beneath Earth’s surface (i.e., the subsurface). Steel may ...