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Abstract: Hydraulic manipulators are usually applied in heavy-load and harsh operation tasks. However, when faced with a complex operation, the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) ...

A former Jamaica Observer employee, Simone Thomas is to be honoured on May 7, 2026 with the Brampton Inspirational Citizen Award by the Canadian city of Brampton, highlighting her work to help victims ...

Abstract: In this paper, an observer that combines the design ideas of disturbance observer and state observer is proposed for fully actuated systems with external disturbances. The integral term is ...