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  1. Atomic physics | Structure, Particles & Energy | Britannica

    It attempts to describe and account for the properties of molecules and atoms and their constituents— electrons, protons, neutrons, and other more esoteric particles such as quarks …

  2. Periodic table | Definition, Elements, Names, Symbols, Groups, …

    Feb 13, 2026 · The sizes of atoms are of importance in the determination of coordination number (that is, the number of groups attached to the central atom in a compound) and hence in the …

  3. Atom - Development, Theory, Structure | Britannica

    Jan 31, 2026 · Dalton had begun his atomic studies by wondering why the different gases in the atmosphere do not separate, with the heaviest on the bottom and the lightest on the top. He …

  4. Chemical bonding - Visualization, Atoms, Molecules | Britannica

    Jan 29, 2026 · The last opposition to the existence of atoms vanished in the early 20th century when techniques were developed that portrayed visual representations of atoms.

  5. Chemical element - Atoms, Molecules, Compounds | Britannica

    Feb 19, 2026 · Chemical element - Atoms, Molecules, Compounds: Igneous rocks show a wide range of composition; the principal component, silica (SiO2), ranges from about 35 percent to …

  6. Chemical bonding | Definition, Types, & Examples | Britannica

    Jan 29, 2026 · The type of bond that is most likely to occur between two atoms can be predicted on the basis of the location of the elements in the periodic table, and to some extent the …

  7. atom - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

    Atoms are made up of three basic types of particle: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These particles (as well as other particles smaller than atoms) are known as subatomic particles.

  8. atom - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

    The tiny particles called atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Atoms can be combined with other atoms to form molecules, but they cannot be divided into smaller parts by ordinary …

  9. Mole | Definition, Number, & Facts | Britannica

    Jan 19, 2026 · The number of atoms or other particles in a mole is the same for all substances. The mole is related to the mass of an element in the following way: one mole of carbon-12 …

  10. Ion | Definition, Chemistry, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

    Feb 3, 2026 · Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions.